US federal spendingFY2025
Federal spending by agency and department
Of $7.01 trillion spent in FY2025, Health and Human Services spent $1.88 trillion, Social Security Administration $1.65 trillion and Treasury $1.46 trillion.Net outlays by department and independent agency, from the Treasury's Monthly Treasury Statement, Table 5.
Every agency, FY2025
Three agencies account for 71% of federal spending
Net outlays, agencies with at least $5 billion. Share of total federal outlays.
| Agency | FY2025 | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Health and Human Services | $1.88T | 26.9% |
| Social Security Administration | $1.65T | 23.5% |
| Treasury | $1.46T | 20.8% |
| Defense (military programs) | $868.4B | 12.4% |
| Veterans Affairs | $376.6B | 5.4% |
| Agriculture | $227.4B | 3.2% |
| Office of Personnel Management | $128.2B | 1.8% |
| Transportation | $127.6B | 1.8% |
| Homeland Security | $115.3B | 1.6% |
| Other Defense Civil Programs | $76.5B | 1.1% |
| Energy | $52.3B | 0.7% |
| Housing and Urban Development | $50.5B | 0.7% |
| Labor | $50.4B | 0.7% |
| Justice | $44.9B | 0.6% |
| Environmental Protection Agency | $37.0B | 0.5% |
| Education | $34.7B | 0.5% |
| Commerce | $29.7B | 0.4% |
| State | $28.4B | 0.4% |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration | $24.6B | 0.4% |
| Interior | $22.4B | 0.3% |
| International Assistance Programs | $17.3B | 0.2% |
| Corps of Engineers | $12.1B | 0.2% |
| National Science Foundation | $9.9B | 0.1% |
| Judicial Branch | $9.8B | 0.1% |
| Legislative Branch | $7.2B | 0.1% |
| Independent Agencies | $6.8B | 0.1% |
All agencies as a sortable table, with gross outlays
| Agency | FY2025 net outlays | Gross outlays | Share of total | FY2015 net |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Health and Human Services | $1.88T | $2.08T | 26.9% | $1.03T |
| Social Security Administration | $1.65T | $1.65T | 23.5% | $944.1B |
| Department of the Treasury | $1.46T | $1.53T | 20.8% | $485.6B |
| Department of Defense--Military Programs | $868.4B | $870.6B | 12.4% | $562.5B |
| Department of Veterans Affairs | $376.6B | $388.0B | 5.4% | $159.2B |
| Department of Agriculture | $227.4B | $244.8B | 3.2% | $139.1B |
| Office of Personnel Management | $128.2B | $207.9B | 1.8% | $91.7B |
| Department of Transportation | $127.6B | $128.7B | 1.8% | $75.5B |
| Department of Homeland Security | $115.3B | $135.4B | 1.6% | $42.6B |
| Other Defense Civil Programs | $76.5B | $76.5B | 1.1% | $63.0B |
| Department of Energy | $52.3B | $58.0B | 0.7% | $25.4B |
| Department of Housing and Urban Development | $50.5B | $52.9B | 0.7% | $35.5B |
| Department of Labor | $50.4B | $68.4B | 0.7% | $45.2B |
| Department of Justice | $44.9B | $47.0B | 0.6% | $26.9B |
| Environmental Protection Agency | $37.0B | $37.7B | 0.5% | $7.0B |
| Department of Education | $34.7B | $187.8B | 0.5% | $90.0B |
| Department of Commerce | $29.7B | $30.2B | 0.4% | $9.0B |
| Department of State | $28.4B | $34.3B | 0.4% | $26.5B |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration | $24.6B | $24.6B | 0.4% | $18.3B |
| Department of the Interior | $22.4B | $33.0B | 0.3% | $12.3B |
| International Assistance Programs | $17.3B | $83.3B | 0.2% | $21.0B |
| Corps of Engineers | $12.1B | $12.9B | 0.2% | $6.7B |
| National Science Foundation | $9.9B | $10.0B | 0.1% | $6.8B |
| Judicial Branch | $9.8B | $9.9B | 0.1% | $7.1B |
| Legislative Branch | $7.2B | $7.3B | 0.1% | $4.3B |
| Independent Agencies | $6.8B | $160.7B | 0.1% | $13.6B |
| Small Business Administration | $836.7M | $10.9B | 0.0% | -$745.9M |
| General Services Administration | -$374.5M | -$167.1M | -0.0% | -$889.3M |
| Executive Office of the President | -$508.5M | $492.1M | -0.0% | $393.9M |
| Undistributed offsetting receipts | -$337.8B | -4.8% | -$257.6B |
U.S. Treasury, Monthly Treasury Statement, Table 5, September 2025.
The largest agencies by year
Net outlays, fiscal years 2015 to 2025.
| Agency | FY2015 | FY2016 | FY2017 | FY2018 | FY2019 | FY2020 | FY2021 | FY2022 | FY2023 | FY2024 | FY2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health and Human Services | $1.03T | $1.10T | $1.12T | $1.12T | $1.21T | $1.50T | $1.47T | $1.64T | $1.71T | $1.72T | $1.88T |
| Social Security Administration | $944.1B | $976.8B | $1.00T | $1.04T | $1.10T | $1.15T | $1.19T | $1.28T | $1.42T | $1.52T | $1.65T |
| Treasury | $485.6B | $526.1B | $546.4B | $629.4B | $689.5B | $1.15T | $1.63T | $1.16T | $1.11T | $1.32T | $1.46T |
| Defense (military programs) | $562.5B | $565.4B | $568.9B | $600.7B | $654.0B | $690.4B | $717.6B | $726.6B | $775.9B | $826.3B | $868.4B |
| Veterans Affairs | $159.2B | $174.0B | $176.0B | $178.5B | $199.6B | $218.4B | $233.8B | $273.9B | $301.0B | $325.0B | $376.6B |
| Agriculture | $139.1B | $138.2B | $127.6B | $136.7B | $150.1B | $184.2B | $235.2B | $245.2B | $228.9B | $203.4B | $227.4B |
| Office of Personnel Management | $91.7B | $91.3B | $95.5B | $98.8B | $103.1B | $105.6B | $108.6B | $113.1B | $122.5B | $126.2B | $128.2B |
| Transportation | $75.5B | $78.4B | $79.4B | $78.5B | $80.7B | $100.3B | $104.9B | $113.7B | $109.8B | $117.4B | $127.6B |
| Homeland Security | $42.6B | $45.2B | $50.5B | $68.4B | $56.3B | $92.0B | $91.1B | $80.9B | $89.0B | $89.3B | $115.3B |
| Other Defense Civil Programs | $63.0B | $64.5B | $58.7B | $55.4B | $60.9B | $65.3B | $58.1B | $56.9B | $68.9B | $66.2B | $76.5B |
| Total outlays | $3.69T | $3.85T | $3.98T | $4.11T | $4.45T | $6.55T | $6.82T | $6.27T | $6.13T | $6.75T | $7.01T |
FY2026 so far (October 2025 to August 2026)
The ten largest agencies so far. FY2026 ended on 30 September; the September statement completes it.
| Agency | Net outlays to date |
|---|---|
| Health and Human Services | $1.82T |
| Social Security Administration | $1.59T |
| Treasury | $1.52T |
| Defense (military programs) | $832.6B |
| Veterans Affairs | $395.1B |
| Agriculture | $202.3B |
| Office of Personnel Management | $124.3B |
| Transportation | $109.6B |
| Homeland Security | $98.2B |
| Housing and Urban Development | $61.7B |
| Total outlays | $6.81T |
Net and gross outlays
Gross outlays are what an agency paid out. Net outlays subtract what it collected from the public and from other accounts, and are the official measure that adds up to total federal spending.
Net outlays can be much lower than gross outlays when an agency collects money from the public. The Department of Education spent $187.8 billion gross in FY2025 but $34.7 billion net, because the Treasury records $153.1 billion of offsetting receipts (repayments and other collections, labelled "proprietary receipts from the public") against its outlays.
For spending by purpose rather than by agency (defense, health, Social Security and so on), see the federal budget pie chart.
Questions and answers
- Which federal agency spends the most?
- Department of Health and Human Services: $1.88 trillion in net outlays in FY2025, 27% of all federal spending. Most of it is Medicare and Medicaid.
- How much does the federal government spend in a year?
- $7.01 trillion in net outlays in fiscal year 2025 (October 2024 to September 2025), according to the Monthly Treasury Statement.
- Why is the Treasury Department so large?
- Interest on the public debt is paid through the Treasury, which had $1.46 trillion of net outlays in FY2025, mostly interest. See interest on the national debt.
- What are undistributed offsetting receipts?
- Collections that are not credited to any one agency, such as interest that trust funds earn on their Treasury securities and federal agencies' payments for employee retirement. They reduced total outlays by $337.8 billion in FY2025.
Related
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Sources and notes
- U.S. Department of the Treasury, Monthly Treasury Statement, Table 5: Outlays of the U.S. Government, September of each fiscal year 2015-2025 and 2026-08-31, Fiscal Data API. Public domain.
- Agency totals are the statement's own "Total--" lines. Defense is the Department of Defense's military programs; the Army Corps of Engineers and other defense civil programs are listed separately, as in the statement.